Menghasilkan
foto yang tajam setajam silet adalah keinginan banyak pecinta fotografi, dan
beragam fitur kamera serta aksesoris tambahan sudah diciptakan untuk membantu
kita menghasilkan foto yang tajam ini. Dari tripod, stabiliser (lensa ataupun
kamera) sampai dengan software editor foto yang dilengkapi tool untuk
mempertajam hasil akhir foto.
Cara memegang kamera
Cara
memegang kamera sangat berpengaruh pada stabilitas kamera (baca: ketajaman
foto), bacalah
Shutter Speed.
Jika anda mempercepat shutter speed, maka foto anda
akan semakin tajam. Ingat aturan baku agar foto tajam saat anda memotret
handheld : ” gunakan shutter speed yang lebih cepat dibanding panjang fokal
lensa anda”. Begini penjabarannya:
Jika
panjang lensa anda 50mm, potretlah dengan shutter speed 1/60 detik atau
lebih cepat
Jika
panjang lensa anda 100mm, gunakan shutter speed 1/125 detik atau lebih
cepat
Jika
panjang lensa anda 200mm, gunakan shutter speed 1/250 detik atau lebih
cepat
Aperture
Aperture
berpengaruh pada depth of field (daerah fokus dalam foto anda). Mengurangi
aperture (memperbesar angkanya, misal anda memilih f/22) akan menambah depth of
field, artinya area tajam dalam foto akan semakin besar meliputi obyek yang
dekat maupun jauh, sehingga ketajaman foto secara keseluruhan justru berkurang.
Maka lakukan sebaliknya, pilih aperture yang besar (angkanya kecil, misal f/4),
maka anda akan memusatkan area tajam hanya didekat fokus. Memilih aperture yang
besar memungkinkan anda mendapatkan shutter speed yang lebih cepat.
ISO
Menambah ISO
akan mempercepat shutter speed serta memungkinkan anda memilih aperture yang
lebih besar. Jika anda memotret di dalam ruangan, perbesar-lah ISO, tapi jangan
berlebihan (misal: pilih ISO 600 untuk memotret didalam rumah). memilih ISO
yang terlalu tinggi (diatas 800), bisa menyebabkan noise (bintik hitam kecil)
dalam foto mulai terlihat.
Fokus
Jangan hanya
percaya dengan autofokus kamera, periksalah secara cermat menggunakan mata
dimata titik fokus anda berada. Ketika memotret wajah dalam jarak dekat,
pastikan fokusnya jatuh diarea mata. Ketika memotret obyek, pastikan fokusnya
memang ada dimana anda ingin area tersebut paling tajam. Autofokus kamera bisa
saja salah dan justru menjatuhkan fokus disamping obyek yang anda inginkan.
Lensa
Jika anda
kebetulan memiliki kamera SLR, pilihlah lensa terbaik yang bisa anda beli.
Lensa yang berkualitas baik bisa secara drastis meningkatkan ketajaman foto
anda. Lensa KIT yang biasanya ditawarkan dijual sebagai paket komplit bersama
kamera biasanya kualitas-nya payah. Saran saya, jika anda baru akan membeli
kamera SLR, belilah secara terpisah antara kamera (body only) dan lensa. Jangan
membeli paket KIT. Lensa dengan kualitas bagus biasanya ditandai dengan
aperture yang besar (misal f/2.8).
Sweet Spot Lensa
Lensa
memiliki sweet spot-nya masing-masing. Sweet spot adalah aperture tertentu
dimana lensa akan menghasilkan foto yang paling tajam. Sweet spot lensa
biasanya berada dua stop diatas batas maksimal kemampuan aperture lensa. Misal,
untuk lensa f/2.8 maka sweet spot-nya ada di f/5.6. Maka gunakan aperture f/5.6
jika anda memotret dengan lensa itu, foto anda akan tajam setajam silet.
Tripod
Tripod memang
tidak praktis dan merepotkan, namun jika anda "sudi” membawanya, anda akan
memperoleh foto yang lebih tajam. Terutama jika anda ingin menghasilkan foto
HDR atau panorama, relakanlah membawa tripod.
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